Free Essays on Employment At-Will

Employment at Will The industrial revolution changed the status of workers and employment soon became a purely economic relationship. By 1877, Horace G. Wood wrote an authoritative treatise on the law of master and servant and expressed the American rule as follows: "with us the rule is inflexible, that a general or indefinite hiring is prima facie hiring at-will...". Under the at-will-employment rule, an employee was free to terminate his or her employment relationship at any time for any reason and the employer was likewise permitted to terminate the employee with no reason. This employment-at-will rule remained the law until the rule began to be eroded through statutory exceptions. The employment-at-will doctrine is not absolute. As soon as it was developed, the courts recognized that a strict employment at-will doctrine could be unfair and contrary to policies established by the legislature. While many employee and employers know that states recognize the employment at-will doctrine, they may not be aware that this doctrine is not a Federal employment law, it is a common law. Since the first announcing of the at-will rule the courts have established several common law and statutory exceptions to at will employment. In his book, Heneman explains: Common law is court-made law based upon case by case decisions which over an extended period of time sets a precedence in determining permissible and impermissible actions. Every state develops and administers its own common law. Employment at-will is treated at the state level. However, there are Federal laws that dictate legal exceptions to employment at will. Many legislatures have gradually entered into protection statue areas and began chipping away at the employment at-will doctrine. Some of the many more common exceptions protected by the Federal Law include Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, Age Discrimination in Employment Act, American Disabilities Act. Alone, these a... Free Essays on Employment At-Will Free Essays on Employment At-Will Employment at Will The industrial revolution changed the status of workers and employment soon became a purely economic relationship. By 1877, Horace G. Wood wrote an authoritative treatise on the law of master and servant and expressed the American rule as follows: "with us the rule is inflexible, that a general or indefinite hiring is prima facie hiring at-will...". Under the at-will-employment rule, an employee was free to terminate his or her employment relationship at any time for any reason and the employer was likewise permitted to terminate the employee with no reason. This employment-at-will rule remained the law until the rule began to be eroded through statutory exceptions. The employment-at-will doctrine is not absolute. As soon as it was developed, the courts recognized that a strict employment at-will doctrine could be unfair and contrary to policies established by the legislature. While many employee and employers know that states recognize the employment at-will doctrine, they may not be aware that this doctrine is not a Federal employment law, it is a common law. Since the first announcing of the at-will rule the courts have established several common law and statutory exceptions to at will employment. In his book, Heneman explains: Common law is court-made law based upon case by case decisions which over an extended period of time sets a precedence in determining permissible and impermissible actions. Every state develops and administers its own common law. Employment at-will is treated at the state level. However, there are Federal laws that dictate legal exceptions to employment at will. Many legislatures have gradually entered into protection statue areas and began chipping away at the employment at-will doctrine. Some of the many more common exceptions protected by the Federal Law include Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, Age Discrimination in Employment Act, American Disabilities Act. Alone, these a...

Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) The dromedary (Camelus dromedarius or one-humped camel) is one of a half-dozen of camel species left on the planet, including llamas, alpacas, vicunas, and guanacos in South America, as well as its cousin, the two-humped Bactrian camel. All evolved from a common ancestor some 40-45 million years ago in North America. The dromedary was probably domesticated from wild ancestors roaming in the Arabian peninsula. Scholars believe that the likely site of domestication was in coastal settlements along the southern Arabian peninsula somewhere between 3000 and 2500 BC. Like its cousin the Bactrian camel, the dromedary carries energy in the form of fat in its hump and abdomen and can survive on little or no water or food for quite a long period. As such, the dromedary was (and is) prized for its ability to endure treks across the arid deserts of the Middle East and Africa. Camel transport greatly enhanced overland trade throughout Arabia particularly during the Iron Age, extending international contacts throughout the region along caravansaries. Art and Incense Dromedaries are illustrated as being hunted in New Kingdom Egyptian art during the Bronze Age (12th century BC), and by the Late Bronze Age, they were fairly ubiquitous across Arabia. Herds are attested from Iron Age Tell Abraq on the Persian Gulf. The dromedary is associated with the emergence of the incense route, along the western edge of the Arabian peninsula; and the ease of camel travel compared to substantially more dangerous sea navigation increased the use of overland trade routes connecting the Sabaean and later trading establishments between Axum and the Swahili Coast and the rest of the world. Archaeological Sites Archaeological evidence for early dromedary use includes the predynastic site of Qasr Ibrim, in Egypt, where camel dung was identified about 900 BC, and because of its location interpreted as dromedary. Dromedaries did not become ubiquitous in the Nile Valley until about 1,000 years later. The earliest reference to dromedaries in Arabia is the Sihi mandible, a camelid bone direct-dated to ca 7100-7200 BC. Sihi is a Neolithic coastal site in Yemen, and the bone is probably a wild dromedary: it is about 4,000 years earlier than the site itself. See Grigson and others (1989) for additional information about Sihi. Dromedaries have been identified at sites in southeastern Arabia beginning between 5000-6000 years ago. The site of Mleiha in Syria includes a camel graveyard, dated between 300 BC and 200 AD. Finally, dromedaries from the Horn of Africa were found at the Ethiopian site of Laga Oda, dated 1300-1600 AD. The bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus or two-humped camel) is related to, but, as it turns out, not descended from the wild bactrian camel (C. bactrianus ferus), the only survivor species of the ancient old world camel. Domestication and Habitats Archaeological evidence indicates that the bactrian camel was domesticated in Mongolia and China about 5,000-6,000 years ago, from a now-extinct form of camel. By the 3rd millennium BC, the bactrian camel was spread throughout much of Central Asia. Evidence for the domestication of Bactrian camels has been found as early as 2600 BC at Shahr-i Sokhta (also known as the Burnt City), Iran. Wild bactrians have small, pyramid-shaped humps, thinner legs and a smaller and slender body then their domestic counterparts. A recent genome study of wild and domestic forms (Jirimutu and colleagues) suggested that one characteristic selected for during the domestication process may have been enriched olfactory receptors, the molecules which are responsible for the detection of odors. The original habitat of the bactrian camel extended from the Yellow River in Gansu province of northwest China through Mongolia to central Kazakhstan. Its cousin the wild form lives in northwestern China and southwestern Mongolia particularly in the Outer Altai Gobi Desert. Today, bactrians are mainly herded in the cold deserts of Mongolia and China, where they contribute significantly to the local camel herding economy. Attractive Characteristics Camel characteristics which attracted people to domesticate them are pretty obvious. Camels are biologically adapted to harsh conditions of deserts and semi-deserts, and thus they make it possible for people to travel through or even live in those deserts, despite the aridity and lack of grazing. Daniel Potts (University of Sydney) once called the bactrian the principal means of locomotion for the Silk Road bridge between the old world cultures of the east and west. Bactrians store energy as fat in their humps and abdomens, which enables them to survive for long periods without food or water. In a single day, a camels body temperature can vary safely between an astounding 34-41 degrees Celsius (93-105.8 degrees Fahrenheit). In addition, camels can tolerate a high dietary intake of salt, more than eight times that of cattle and sheep. Recent Research Geneticists (Ji et al.) have recently discovered that feral bactrian, C. bactrianus ferus, is not a direct ancestor, as had been assumed prior to the onset of DNA research, but is instead a separate lineage from a progenitor species which has now disappeared from the planet. There are currently six subspecies of bactrian camel, all descendant from the single bactrian population of the unknown progenitor species. They are divided based on morphological characteristics: C. bactrianus xinjiang, C.b. sunite, C.b. alashan, C.B. red, C.b. brown, and C.b. normal. A behavioral study found that bactrian camels older than 3 months are not allowed to suck milk from their mothers, but have learned to steal milk from other mares in the herd (Brandlova et al.) See page one for information about the  Dromedary Camel.   Sources Boivin, Nicole. Shell Middens, Ships and Seeds: Exploring Coastal Subsistence, Maritime Trade and the Dispersal of Domesticates in and Around the Ancient Arabian Peninsula. Journal of World Prehistory, Dorian Q. Fuller, Volume 22, Issue 2, SpringerLink, June 2009. Brandlov K, BartoÃ… ¡ L, and Haberov T. 2013. Camel calves as opportunistic milk thefts? The first description of allosuckling in domestic bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). PLoS One 8(1):e53052. Burger PA, and Palmieri N. 2013. Estimating the Population Mutation Rate from a de novo Assembled Bactrian Camel Genome and Cross-Species Comparison with Dromedary ESTs. Journal of Heredity: March 1, 2013. Cui P, Ji R, Ding F, Qi D, Gao H, Meng H, Yu J, Hu S, and Zhang H. 2007. A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus): an evolutionary history of camelidae. BMC Genomics 8:241. Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane. Domesticating Animals in Africa: Implications of Genetic and Archaeological Findings. Journal of World Prehistory, Olivier Hanotte, Volume 24, Issue 1, SpringerLink, May 2011. Grigson C, Gowlett JAJ, and Zarins J. 1989. The Camel in Arabia: A Direct Radiocarbon Date, Calibrated to about 7000 BC. Journal of Archaeological Science 16:355-362. Ji R, Cui P, Ding F, Geng J, Gao H, Zhang H, Yu J, Hu S, and Meng H. 2009. Monophyletic origin of domestic bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) and its evolutionary relationship with the extant wild camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus). Animal Genetics 40(4):377-382. Jirimutu, Wang Z, Ding G, Chen G, Sun Y, Sun Z, Zhang H, Wang L, Hasi S et al. (The Bactrian Camels Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium) 2012. Genome sequences of wild and domestic bactrian camels. Nature Communications 3:1202. Uerpmann HP. 1999. Camel and horse skeletons from protohistoric graves at Mleiha in the Emirate of Sharjah (U.A.E.). Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 10(1):102-118. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0471.1999.tb00131.x Vigne J-D. 2011. The origins of animal domestication and husbandry: A major change in the history of humanity and the biosphere. Comptes Rendus Biologies 334(3):171-181.

Lipstick Traces and Kalle Lasn's Contemporary Fluxus Text Essay

Lipstick Traces and Kalle Lasn's Contemporary Fluxus Text - Essay Example Culture jamming seeks to raise the power relationship in the object, situation, or discourse to the clarity of immediate criticism, Lasn's conception is highly flexible, which consists of nearly any project or performance that welds art, protest, and humor. It includes a wide array of activities, from counter-surveillance to illegal computer hacking to ad busting. The term â€Å"culture jamming was coined by Kalle Lasn in the book Culture Jam. Lassn , the founder of the anti-consumerist magazine Adbusters, is on a mission to intervene in the media spectacle and work against our habits of blind consumerism. Dyke Action and the Guerrilla Girls are actually more militant than traditional culture jammers. Dyke Action, along with groups such as Gran Fury, Fierce Pussy, Lesbian Avengers, and ACT UP confront serious lesbian and gay issues. The Guerrilla Girls have become renown not only for posters and slogans, but for lectures, public appearances, and books protesting women’s repre sentation as both artists and as subjects. Their work touches on global issues and is concerned with the oppression of women worldwide. What is the spectacle? It's everything - humor, advertising, television, and so forth - comprising today's "spectacular level of commodity consumption and hype," as Kalle Lasn wrote in Culture Jam. And to show how deep the spectacle's recuperation has penetrated social life, successors of situationist theory have been absorbed into the spectacle they fought against. Having become marketing experts, advertising consultants, and advanced campaign managers, many of the culture jammers are now the prizes and trophies of capitalist domination. Not just an accessory source for marketing gurus, radicalism and rebellion are the dialectical anti-thesis of capitalism and thus the perfect synthesis for "post-ideological", late capitalist domination. This Jack in the Box advertisement that I photographed is a perfect example. Culture jamming gets our initial at tention mostly because of the innovative way in which they use imagery, striving to shock and provoke. In this way they are actually enlarging the amount of expressions that are deemed acceptable by the public. What was once provoking, like billboards of Marlboro Country superimposed on images of urban decay, now forms the common element in Diesel's Brand 0 campaign. The use of the original technique by culture jammers consecrated it as cool, and Diesel can now use this to their own benefit. Seen from this angle, culture jamming is working against itself. According to du Gay, meaning is created in dislocation. Dislocation is inevitable, and occurs in our case when a projected brand identity is unable to represent itself entirely objective. In order to be constituted as such, the brand depends on a constitutive outside, the consumers. Put simply, a brand identity must be accepted as such by consumers for it to be perceived as real. Du Gay calls uses the notion of vectors pulling in d ifferent directions. This creates a dynamic process, where meaning and perceived reality is the outcome. I have argued that the massive presence of promotional messages can be seen as part of our perceived realities. Thus, producers and consumers of brands

The Greenhouse Effect Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Greenhouse Effect - Research Paper Example The greenhouse effect has an impact on the whole system of Global Warming and is considered an important ingredient which works towards this problem. A report published by the United Nations stated that livestock plays a major role in the emission of greenhouse gases and measures should be taken to reduce the livestock. This should be done by lowering the consumption of meat and dairy milk products. However, this view has been challenged by a report presented in the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. They argue that livestock only has a minor role to play in increasing the greenhouse gases in comparison to the greenhouse gases emitted by transportation. According to this report, the factors which would reduce greenhouse effect is not related to livestock and hence livestock should not be targeted by the experts. They believe that if livestock is to be targeted then it would result in an even drastic effect in the developing countries. The experts believe that rather than reducing the consumption of livestock the measures should target the methods through which livestock is raised. The methods in processing meat related foods should be improvised such that the greenhouse gases emitted in the process are decreased. Currently, the developed countries have such measures through which they can avoid this and hence the developing countries should be targeted in this respect. The developed countries should be targeting their issue of transportation which emits a great number of greenhouse gases. Effective use of sources such as oil and coal should be achieved in these developed countries to reduce the greenhouse effect. In conclusion, it can be said that the livestock should be targeted in such a way that meat consumption should not be decreased but rather measures should be taken to raise effective livestock without decreased emission of greenhouse gases. On the other hand, Â  the most important factor that should be considered regarding the green house gases should be the transportation factor as discussed above.

Business Communications Essay Example for Free

Business Communications Essay * Interim deadlines may be set by individual tutors * You must choose at least one of the two presentations referred to below in Tasks 2 and 6. It is expected that the presentations will take place the week beginning 21st January. A summary of the Assessment and Grading Criteria In order to pass this unit, the evidence that the learner presents for assessment needs to demonstrate that they can meet all the learning outcomes for the unit. The assessment criteria for a pass grade describe the level of achievement required to pass this unit. Summary of the Edexcel Assessment and Grading Criteria| To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to:| To achieve a merit the evidence must show that, in addition to the pass criteria, the learner is able to:| To achieve a distinction grade the evidence must show that, in addition to the pass and merit criteria, the learner is able to:| P1 Explain different types of business information their sources and purpose.| M1 Analyse the content of P1| D1 Evaluate the appropriateness of business information used to make strategic decisions.| P2 Present complex internal business information using three different methods| M2 Expand on P5 and offer an analysis of the legal and ethical issues| D2 Evaluate the effectiveness of business information and its communication as key contributors to the success of an organisation, using examples to illustrate your points. Unit 4: Business Communications learning outcomes:- 1. Understand different types of business information 2. Be able to present business information effectively 3. Understand the issues and constraints in relation to the use of business information in organisations 4. Know how to communicate business information using appropriate methods. Assignment Task 1 Scenario You have applied for a job in marketing communications working for Next plc (or another organisation of your choice). Prepare a paper entitled, â€Å"An explanation, analysis and evaluation of different types of information sources and purpose.† (P1, M1, D1). Please note that if you are aiming for a pass, you only need to write an explanation. If you are aiming for the merit you need to offer a detailed analysis and for a distinction you will need to demonstrate that you have evaluated your analysis e.g. look at the advantages and disadvantages of using various types of information sources. Task 2 Scenario You have been successful in your interview and you have been offered the job of assistant marketing communications advisor. Working with another member of the team, your first job is to prepare and deliver a 10 minute presentation on the subject of marketing research. This is to take place the week beginning the 21st January. Continuing to work with your partner, prepare a memorandum report for your supervisor, Jayne Koweleski, explaining the importance of competitor analysis, and design a press release for the general public, informing them of the benefits of on-line shopping with Next. (P2) Task 3 In a memorandum report to your supervisor write up an evaluation examining advantages and disadvantages of various types of business communications, in helping an organisation to improve its performance and be successful. Use a variety of examples to support your evaluation (D2). Task 4 Working with someone else in your marketing communications team, produce two different examples of corporate communications. One must be an advertisement for the press and the other a story board for a TV advertisement. This could be for NEXT plc or an organisation of your choice (P3). Task 5 Prepare an evaluation of two different types of external business communication. One could be a TV advert and another could be a press release. Examine the communication methods and assess their strengths and weaknesses. In the conclusion of your evaluation suggest ways in which the different forms of communication could be improved (P4). Task 6 Working with another member of the team, prepare and deliver a 10 minute presentation, the week beginning 21st January, entitled, â€Å"Understanding the legal, ethical and operational aspects of using business information†. In your presentation include reference to the Data Protection Act 1998, Freedom of Information Act 2000, The Computer Misuse Act 1990, backing up stored information, security of information, health and safety and organisational policies. (P5, P6). Task 7 Write an essay entitled, â€Å"An analysis of legal and ethical issues facing modern business.† (M2) Task 8 Prepare a training session for your colleagues on how to effectively communicate business information. Include in the session: understanding the audience (e.g. gender, expected attentiveness), the use of body language, verbal communication, listening, formal and informal communications (e.g. Meetings) written communication (memorandum), visual (e.g. the use of flow charts, graphs and pictures) electronic communications (e.g. e-mail) (P7).

College Sports - Universities Must Compensate Student Athletes :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Colleges and Universities Must Compensate Student Athletes Today, sports are no longer fun and games, sports are a business, and college sports are no different. College sports provide a huge source of universities’ income. The school takes in money from ticket sales, television contracts, and sport-related merchandise, just to name a few. The athletes, however, receive their scholarship and little more. While the prospect of receiving a free college education is something few would complain about, when the issue is more closely examined it becomes evident that it is not enough. The universities are exploiting athletes, and recently the problems that this creates have become more prominent. More and more athletes are now leaving school early to enter the professional leagues and make money. There have also been more reports of violations surrounding university boosters and alumni paying players. Furthermore, athletes have been accused of making deals with gamblers and altering the outcome of games. All of these problems could be minim ized, if not completely eliminated, by adopting a program for compensating student athletes. College athletes are exploited by their schools, which make millions of dollars off of them. This leads to violations, students leaving college early, and student-athletes that cannot even afford to do their laundry. The NCAA and professional leagues can work together to institute a plan to compensate these athletes and remedy all these problems. Student athletes need money just like any other college students, and many of them need it even more. According to Steve Wulf, many college athletes come from disadvantaged backgrounds (94). This means that while the free tuition is nice, they are still going to need money for other expenses that every college student faces. The NCAA finally realized this recently and decided to allow athletes to have a job earning up to $2000 during the school year (Greenlee 63). This, while well intended, is an impossibility for many, if not the majority of college athletes. As Greenlee states, "The hours athletes would spend working at a job are already spoken for" (63). The sport they play is their job; it takes up as much time (likely more) as the normal student’s job at the cafeteria or student center, yet they do not get paid. The schools have to make up for this by finding some way to compensate these athletes. The main reason behind not giving college athletes some form of compensation is that college athletes must be amateurs and if they are paid they will lose their status as amateurs.

Importance of Marriage and Money in Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and Today Essay

During the days of Jane Austen, a financially stable marriage was crucial to many women. On the contrary, some of the women did not think marriage was mainly about money. These concepts reflect through some of Austen’s characters in her comic novel of manners, Pride and Prejudice. While writing this novel, Austen illustrates the way of life during her time period through her characters. The idea of marriage being financially crucial to some women is not as true today like it was during Austen’s time period. Women’s lives have changed considerably over the past years, making this idea not as common. Women today do not have problems in common with those of Austen’s characters. After reading Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, readers can compare the financial problems of women today to those of the women of Austen’s time, finding the difference between them the importance of money and marriage. The female characters in Austen’s novel go through great lengths to catch a husband. Unlike marriages today, many marriages in Austen’s time were not based off love, but security for the future. Most women wanted to marry wealthy men to insure their financial and social future: â€Å"In cases nine out of ten, a woman had better show more affection than she feels.† Charlotte Lucas makes this statement to Elizabeth during the beginning of the novel. This statement shows the feeling of most women during Austen’s time, which was that a women should show more affection towards a man than she actually felt in order to get him to propose to her. Women went through great lengths to fake emotions for a marriage proposal. â€Å"Happiness in marriage is entirely based a matter of chance.† This is another statement Charlotte makes to Elizabeth in order to let her know that women can only hope to find happiness in a marriage. Marriage was only important for women so they could have balanced, secure financial and social statuses; finding happiness would only be a â€Å"matter of chance†. Austen’s novel illustrates and satirizes the importance of women finding a wealthy husband during that time period: â€Å"You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.† Mrs. Bennett biggest concern was marrying her daughters off to wealthy men such as Mr. Bingley. She knew that marriage was an important issue to all women during that time. Mrs. Bennett found herself a wealthy husband in Mr. Bennett, and hopes that her daughters do the same: â€Å"If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield and all the others equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for.† If all Bennett girls get married Mrs. Bennett will be happy. She wishes for nothing else but for her daughters to be married to wealthy men. Mrs. Bennett goes as far as to plot to get her daughter, Jane Bennett, sick so she will be able to stay at Netherfield with Mr. Bingley. She herself does anything to get her daughters married because she believes that marriag e is the crucial part of a woman’s life. Not all women during this time period thought marriage should be based solely off money. â€Å"As yet, she cannot be certain of the degree of her own regard, nor of its reasonableness. She has known him only a fortnight.† Elizabeth feels that people should form a relationship with one another and know a little about each other before marriage is considered. Knowing a person for only one night is not enough time for one to familiarize their selves with the other person’s character. She also does not hide her feelings and is quick to express them, which was not truly common at the time. She believes marriage should be based off happiness and is exceedingly serious about the power people have to make each other happy or unhappy. Today marriage does not play such major a role in women’s lives, unlike in Jane Austen’s times. Women, of course, dream of getting married but they do not base their marriages off of money but off of love and happiness. Time changes accompanied with the change of feelings towards women makes the concept of marrying for money archaic. For example, women are deemed equal to men in today’s society. Sequentially women are able to obtain jobs considered suitable for only men. This advancement allows women freedom from men and autonomy in their own homes. Women have become independent and are expected to be more than homemakers. Now, women have the option of daycare for their children while they hold regular jobs. Women are given more opportunities today then they were in the past, and are quick to take advantage of those opportunities. There are special circumstances in which women with little or no education try to get married to men that are â€Å"going places† or even women who are referred to as â€Å"gold-diggers,† who dedicate their lives to finding husbands. Besides these few exceptions, women do not seek out husbands to secure their future financially and socially, like those of the women in Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice. After finishing Pride and Prejudice good analytical readers can compare the marriage problems of women in past to women in the present. Marriage was critical to women of the past for financial and social status. On the contrary, today, marriage is not as vital to women financially. Women have not only become financially and socially independent, but independent in all aspects. The present has changed drastically from the past meaning that marriage is not as important to most women today for financial reasons, as in the past.

Fantasy Football: Persuasive Essay Essay

Fantasy Football is one of my favorite hobbies and I think you will enjoy it to. I’ve been playing Fantasy Football for the last 7 years and I enjoy it more every year. The main reasons I love playing Fantasy Football are that it gets me to watch and enjoy games I usually wouldn’t watch, it makes games more exciting, and it’s a great way to bring friends together. In Fantasy Football you draft a team of players from any team in the National Football League. Since you will have a Fantasy team of players spread across many teams, you now have a vested interest in watching games that you usually would not watch. I have watched a multitude of games over the years that would not have really interested me if I did not have one of my fantasy players in the game. You may even have a player on a team you usually do not like to see win, but Fantasy Football can change your allegiance quickly! In Fantasy Football the players on your team score points by accumulating yardage, scoring touchdowns, kicking field goals, creating turnovers, etc. The can make a typically boring game that is being dominated by one team more exciting. The players on your fantasy team can still score points for you even when their team is being beaten handily. When a game may seem all but over, you may still be cheering on one of your players to run for just a few more yards or score one more touchdown. I have stayed up to watch the end of a â€Å"blow out† game many times just to see if my fantasy players could score a few more points for my team. Fantasy Football is fun by itself, but it is even more fun when you have a league with several of your good friends, co-workers, and or family members. Many leagues have draft parties to select their teams. Everyone will gather at someone’s house or local establishment to eat, drink, and select their fantasy team. These parties can be a lot of fun and it always fun to do a little â€Å"smack talking† about each other’s teams. Throughout the year you will face off with these same friends in weekly fantasy games. If your team prevails you will have some bragging rights over your friends. If you already enjoy football or would like to learn more about football, Fantasy Football can be a very fun and rewarding hobby. Fantasy Football

The Ultimate 6 Step Guide to Resume Writing

The Ultimate 6 Step Guide to Resume Writing Ah, the resume†¦the foundation of every job search. Without it, your experiences and your skills are just kind of on the bench, waiting to be pulled into the game. Chances are, you’ve created a resumes for every job you’ve held as an adult- or more accurately, like, many of us, you pulled a hastily edited and patched document through from job application to job application. It becomes a Frankenstein hodgepodge of skills, old jobs, and technical proficiencies in programs that no longer exist (WordPerfect, anyone?) Isn’t it time to give your resume some love, and turn it into a living snapshot of your professional life? Don’t be lulled by the idea that you only need to work on your resume when you have an immediate need for it- a new job search, or an unexpected job interview coming your way. Think of it as a perennial plant: it should be updated at least once a year to stay current and beautiful. That way it’s ready to go when you do need it, or if you just need a quick reference of your most recent achievements (like during an annual review or if you’re asking for a raise). The good news is that it’s never too late to rebuild your resume. Let’s talk about how to write a resume and creating a new one from scratch, whether you’re new to the process or just want a fresh start. Step 1: Choose Your FormatStep 2: Choose Your TemplateStep 3: Choose Your FeaturesStep 4: Fill In the OutlineStep 5: ProofreadStep 6:  Know Your AudienceStep 1: Choose Your FormatNot all resumes are created the same. Sure, you’ve seen the standard reverse chronological resume that has your address block at the top, followed by an objective (or â€Å"find a job, duh† phrased in a much nicer and professional way), your education, your skills, and a backwards tour of your job history. That’s a great format, because it works (classics are usually classics for a reason). It’s clear, and it shows wher e you’ve been. Yet it’s not right for every job seeker. If you’re a student just out of school, or you’re trying to return to work after a job loss or a break, gaps in that chronological job history could cause raised eyebrows with your interviewer, and distract from the great qualities you would bring to the job.RELATED:  Should You Include a Summary on Your Resume?So there are alternatives to the same old format. Instead of a chronological format, you could go with a functional format, also known as a â€Å"skill-based† resume. In this kind of resume, you lead with a â€Å"qualifications summary† of your most important skills (ideally tailored to the specific job for which you’re applying). This lets you give the most space to your most marketable current qualities, if you’d rather focus on your skills over your experience or history.A third option is to mix the two in a â€Å"combination† resume. The combination res ume is good for mid-career or manager-level applicants, because it demonstrates both your strong work history and the skills you plan to bring to your next job.But what about these fancy video resumes and graphic resumes that the internet tells us are all the rage? They’re great, but for very specific purposes (like if your new job would require on-camera skills or graphic design, respectively). But honestly, a good-old-fashioned resume that you can email or snail mail to someone are still the standard. You’ll never go wrong with a strong, well-written document. You can bring the bells, whistles, and personality in your interview. If you’re having trouble deciding which format is for you, The Muse has more information on how to find the right format for you, and ResumeGenius has a library of different resume types you can review.Step 2: Choose Your  TemplateThere are several ways to go about this. You can settle in with your laptop, a caffeinated beverage, and the blank glowing screen of your favorite word processing app, then start outlining your new resume from scratch.If you find the blank screen to be too daunting, or you want guidance, well, you’re in luck! There are many, many tools online (free and cheap) that will help you build your resume. All you need is an internet connection, some time, and a list of all the things you want to include. If you want additional help from career experts, premium resume building sites often offer coaching and help for a nominal fee.TheJobNetwork has you covered on getting started with some of the best resume template sites and apps to use, including:Google Docs, to which you already have easy access if you have a Gmail or Google+ account. This has the added benefit of being able to import information from other documents you’ve saved in your Google portfolio. (Free)ResumeGenius, which specializes in helping you craft your new resume from the ground up. (Premium account required afte r a free trial period)Resume2016.net, which offers templates, samples, formatting tools, and a resume builder. (Free)LiveCareer, which offers expert advice during the resume creation process. (Premium account required after a free trial period)Hloom, which has more than 275 sample resumes for you to review for inspiration. (Free) You don’t get bonus points for creating your own template, so if you find a format online that feels right for you, use it!Step 3: Choose Your  FeaturesBefore you start writing, think about whether there’s anything else you want to include. Do you have a lot of numbers in your resume (revenue, sales, complicated statistics)? If so, think about whether you’d like to include a small infographic or a table to help present the information clearly.RELATED:  Which Font Should You Use on Your Resume?This is also where you should consider optional elements like the aforementioned â€Å"Objectives† section. Some people argue for keepi ng this traditional part of the resume, as long as you write a clear, well-written one. Others argue that it’s not necessary unless you have a large gap to explain on your resume. The verdict? Include it if there’s an important point to make about your resume, but if you need extra space for skills or work history, it’s expendable.Before you start writing, also put some thought into your font choice. You want something clear, readable, and- above all- professional-looking. Some top choices include Times New Roman, Bell MT, Bodoni MT, Bookman Old Style, Cambria, Goudy Old Style, Calibri, Garamond, and Georgia. No emojis. Ever. And remember: friends don’t let friends use Comic Sans. Also, keep the page layout clean as well. You may feel tempted to use tiny margins or make font size tiny to fit everything in, but you should stick to a basic guideline of 1 inch margins and size 12-14 font for resume body text. Keep in mind that someone might well be reading y our resume on a small phone or tablet screen, so you want it to be as readable as possible.Step 4: Fill In the OutlineWhichever format you’re using, replace any sample text with your own. As you copy and paste, make sure you’re reviewing everything closely for accuracy. (And making sure that you’re not leaving any dummy text in. â€Å"Lorem ipsum† is not going to make much sense to the reader if it pops up in the middle of your skills summary.) If you’re winging it without a set template or app, go one section at a time. Depending on the format you choose (chronological, functional, combo), the order may vary:HeaderYour main information.Marco C. Polo1313 Mockingbird LaneCleveland, OH 11111999-333-2345MCPolo@emailclient.comObjective (optional)This is a specific summary of what you’re hoping to achieve with your job search.Skills/QualificationsThis is bulleted list of your hard skills (certifications, software proficiency, language skills) as well as your soft skills (communication skills, leadership skills, problem solving skills, etc.).Job history/Work ExperienceThis is a series of your jobs, usually in reverse chronological order (starting with your current/most recent job, then working backwards). The more jobs you accumulate in your history, the choosier you can be about how much information to include for each position. For jobs that are most relevant to the job for which you’re applying, provide as many details as possible. For way-back jobs like your summer spent working at Dairy Queen in high school, consider skipping altogether unless they’re directly relevant to the new job description.EducationHere is where you’d include information about schools attended, honors received, and degrees completed. You don’t need to include years (you’re not required to indicate your age to potential employers), but be specific about schools and degrees. If you’re just out of school, you can fill in bullets about relevant classwork or extracurricular activities.Volunteer experience and interestsIf you have volunteer experience, you can include it towards the end (space permitting- if you’re going over a page, this is a section that could be better covered in an interview or cover letter).References Unless a job description specifically requests references up front, this is not a section you need on your resume anymore- and in fact, it takes up valuable space you could be using for skills and experience. You don’t even need to add a â€Å"references available upon request† line. Most employers take for granted that a job candidate will provide references if things progress.Step 5: Proofread You must, must, must proofread your resume closely before you send it out, at a minimum. Ideally, pick a trusted person to read it for you (the picker the person is, the better!). You want another set of eyes that isn’t familiar with every word in the document. This person can help flag any typos, but also let you know if your resume flows well and makes sense.Step 6:  Know Your AudienceWhichever format you choose, it’s very important to tailor your resume for the job for which you’re applying. If you’re building/rebuilding your resume for the sake of having a new and refreshed one on hand, it’s fine to keep a kind of generic version. But before you send it anywhere, be sure to look closely at the job at hand, and make sure that you’re playing up the skills and experience mentioned in the job description.And with that, you’ve got a new and improved resume ready to go for the next opportunity!RELATED: The Ultimate Resume Guide for Every Job Seeker

User Psychology How to Make Your Content Strategy More Effective

User Psychology How to Make Your Content Strategy More Effective We spend every single day making decisions. We like to think these decisions are simply choices- from getting dressed to eating dinner, or even small things like which toothpaste to buy- all driven by logic and reason. In truth, the majority of human decision-making is initially influenced by everything but  logic. A complex web of autonomic emotions, desires, and rewards fuels our every choice, and these feelings are ultimately what guide us throughout life. From a marketing perspective, this offers a powerful opportunity to generate a sense of desire and need around our products. But it isn’t enough to simply test or utilize historical data to find out what motivates people. To create desirable products, we must leverage user psychology- a method of understanding the how  and why  consumers make decisions. Armed with this kind knowledge, it becomes possible to create a content marketing strategy  that taps into customer desires and makes our products truly irresistible. How to Make Content Strategy More Effective With User PsychologyApply User Psychology to Your Content Ideas With This Template Later in this post, well cover how to brainstorm emotionally-driven content ideas that connect desires to rewards. But first, download this template to store those ideas, so youll be ready once we reach that point. Why User Psychology Matters User psychology is aimed at understanding subconscious triggers- automatic feelings that we associate with products, services, and experiences. Since triggers influence consumers at every stage of the buying cycle, learning more about them can bridge the gap between basic marketing and effective consumer influencing. Unlike traditional marketing, psychology-driven marketing doesn’t attempt to influence consumers through product features, price or value propositions. So instead of asking questions like, â€Å"How can I boost newsletter signups?† or â€Å"What piece of content is most shareable?† user psychology prompts questions like: What deep desires influence a customer to consider buying our product? When in the buying cycle does our customer feel unsure or abandon our web page? What prompted that feeling of uncertainty? What feelings arise when customers encounter our brand, and how can we strengthen them (or relieve them if they’re negative)? The core difference between traditional marketing and psychology-driven marketing is that the latter prompts marketers to think from the customer’s point of view. Understanding ELMR Effective user psychology strategies are often built upon some variation of the ELMR framework. ELMR, which stands for Emotion, Logic, Motivation, and Reward, helps you see things from the customer’s perspective, and was first coined by Brian Balfour as part of the Reforge  growth series. It’s important to first understand what each of these terms mean, before we can see how they can be applied to a content marketing strategy. Use the ELMR framework to infuse user psychology into your #content #marketing strategy:Emotion We cannot understand customer emotions without first understanding desire. Think of it this way: If a person is happy, it means one of their desires has been fulfilled. If a person is sad, it means they’ve lost or missed out on something they desire. When marketers create messaging that fulfills desire, customers are more likely to associate that product with happiness and joy. As a result, they’re more likely to make a purchase. Logic The next portion of the ELMR framework is logic. After someone has an emotional response to something, they’ll look to rationalize their emotions with a logical reason. Educating a customer about a product's facts, features and competitive details are all ways to appeal to the logical brain and make a customer more confident in their decision. Motivation To motivate someone, we first need to learn what’s preventing them from taking the desired action. How large and influential are these barriers? What can be done to make them smaller and more approachable? Reducing these barriers will make it easier to create a sense of need and motivate people to action. Reward The final portion of ELMR is reward- creating a sense of approval and validation about one’s decision. Reward can come in many forms, but most are either intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic rewards are associated with a product that offers benefit in the form of time, finances or knowledge. Extrinsic rewards tap into personal desire, and usually comprise social or career accomplishments. Recommended Reading: How to Write More Emotional Headlines That Get More Shares Applying ELMR to Your Content Strategy Applying the ELMR framework to your content marketing strategy can help you create more powerful content that in turn influences user triggers. Content that delivers well-timed triggers can drive signups, improve social engagement  and increase conversions. Applying the ELMR framework can help you create more powerful content.Content Marketing and Emotion Humans have and always will be driven by rewards, whether they’re related to finances, career, knowledge, or something else. By thinking from the customer’s point of view, content marketers can determine the rewards associated with their product. According to Nir Eyal, author of Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products,  the most powerful triggers work in tandem with negative emotions. Negative feelings make us feel distressed and distracted. So when a marketing message or piece of content briefly relieves that negative thought, it creates an addictive trigger. As Eyal puts it, â€Å"to make a truly effective hook, we have to capitalize on users’ negative emotions.† So how do we create content that relieves a negative emotion? Consider this Instagram post from Whole Foods as an example: The copy in this post reminds customers that they should be eating an apple a day (a healthy suggestion they’ve been hearing throughout their lives). Assuming that most people don’t eat an apple a day, these words effectively tap into a sense of guilt, or fear about being unhealthy. After triggering these negative emotions, the post offers an overt push, â€Å"make it happen† and suggests a number of healthy, easy recipes. Thinking about eating the recipes in the picture offers relief from the guilt that people feel about not eating enough healthy food. This creates an addictive sense of need that entices people to walk into their nearest Whole Foods and buy a bag of apples and healthy toppings. In your content marketing strategy, consider this: What are my customers afraid of? How does my product or service alleviate that feareven if only for a moment? In your content marketing strategy, consider this: What are my customers afraid of?Content Marketing and Logic Once you’ve determined the emotions that influence your customers, you need to introduce logical rewards that justify those emotions. The logical brain is constantly searching for a quick win of support and justification, and finding a way to influence it isn’t the hard part. What’s most important is that your logical appeal is well-timed and balanced in scale and scope. That way, it creates the right amount of confirmation at the right time, without overwhelming the user or turning them away. To see how this works in blog content, take a look this article on patio furniture from retailer Crate and Barrel. This post, titled â€Å"How to Give Your Patio a Summer Makeover† is filled with logical appeals that justify buying Crate and Barrel’s products. In addition to a smattering of enticing photos featuring gorgeous summer weather (and an adorable dog to boot), the writing is filled with logical queues. In a section on choosing outdoor pillows, the post explains that they’re â€Å"stuffed with quick drying polyester fiberfill† and â€Å"polypropylene yarn.† These product details alone aren’t enough to justify purchasing the pillows. But the sentence that follows, however, is what does the trick: â€Å"In other words, they dry quickly after a rainstorm!† Summer rainstorms are common, and wet patio furniture is a common annoyance for homeowners. The fact that the pillows dry quickly after a rainstorm is a perfect justification for buying these stylish pillows over others. In your content strategy, think about how you can turn a product feature into a relatable story. What do your customers value? How can your content strategy tap into those values in a way that relates to their everyday life? Appeal to your their sense of logic. Tell them something about your story that feels impossible to refute (who can disagree with the benefit of quick-drying patio pillows, for example?). Recommended Reading: The Complete 14-Step Content Strategy That Will Boost Your By 434% Content Marketing and Motivation As we discussed earlier, the motivation portion of user psychology is about reducing barriers to purchase. When you understand the things that prevent your user from buying, you can create content that helps reduce these barriers. If your company is in the retail fashion space, for example, you might automatically think that key barriers are only financial- things like item price or shipping cost. But what about more complex barriers, like how a product fits or whether or not it can be paired well with a person’s existing wardrobe? Fashion retailer Aerie taps into such complex concerns on its branded fashion and lifestyle blog. For example, in the post â€Å"Styling the Cutout Floral Dress with Amanda Oleri† Aerie has a fashion blogger style one of its main seasonal products in her own way. This is more motivational than a simple product page because it provides styling tips from someone that the audience can relate to. This is perhaps the most effective approach for online retailers because it makes the product more approachablecustomers can visualize it for themselves. Regardless of barriers like price, people always have reservations about buying things online. Connecting to your users through an influencer or a blogger helps reduce emotional barriers around sizing, fit and style, making the thought of purchasing items feel more realistic to customers. Recommended Reading: How to Boost Engagement With Micro-Influencers the Right Way Content Marketing and Reward Both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards create an opportunity to influence buyers. However, intrinsic rewards differ more from person to person, making them harder to tap into. Here’s where putting yourself in the customer’s shoes comes in handy. Think about what your target audience values most, on a personal level. Let’s say your target audience is moms. Providing their children with a memorable, happy, and joy-filled childhood is a desire of all moms.  Disney is one brand that consistently taps into these intrinsic desires because it’s based on the idea of an experienceand the happiness and joy it brings. In Disney’s online website series â€Å"Mom Panel Monday,† Disney moms have the opportunity to share what they and their families love about the theme park and other Disney experiential products. This video, â€Å"Moms Panel Monday: A Mom’s Take on Cruising with Disney Cruise Line,†Ã‚  features one mom discussing her family’s experience on a cruise. This strategy is effective because it shows immediate  rewards that a Disney Cruise might bring, like good food, live music and fun games. What’s even more powerful is that it also shows the long-term rewards, like friendships and memories, that a Disney Cruise might bring a mom and her family. By hearing another mom say things about what her family loves and what makes them happy, parents (and moms especially) are motivated to create that experience for their own kids. To truly put yourself in your customer’s shoes, think about what you might have in common with them. If you were them, what would be your primary reason for purchasing your product? Make it a habit of creating marketing content from this perspective. To truly put yourself in your customer’s shoes, think about what you might have in common with...Applying User Psychology and Content Marketing: How to Get Started User psychology’s core method, the ELMR framework, is designed to help you connect with consumers on a deeper, more personal level. It works by exposing the core triggers that motivate your customers to interact with your brand and purchase your products or services. Here are a few easy, effective ways to start applying it to your content strategy. Conduct a Brainstorming Session Before you dive in and start drafting, gather a few team members to help list all the desires a customer might associate with your product. Depending on the size of your team, try to get people from different departments (thus, different perspectives) to help you here. If you’re not sure whose perspectives might be helpful with this exercise, here are some suggestions: Marketing managers Sales representatives Product developers Founders/Leadership Customer support representatives Researchers Data analysts Reach out to your team members and let them know you need their help with a brainstorm, but leave the topic a mystery for now. It will help if everyone comes to the meeting with a fresh mind and no preconceived opinions. This way, the ideas the team comes up with together will trigger new thoughts quickly and on the spot, leading to a dynamic and effective brainstorm. Utilizing something like a whiteboard will be really helpful in jotting down ideas in a flow chart, scatter plot chart or something else that helps you organize quick thoughts. Your chart might begin to look something like this, which means you’re off to a good start: During the brainstorm be sure to write down everyone’s thoughts and ideas, even if something seems silly at the time. The benefit to brainstorming is that you never know what word or thought might ignite your next genius idea. Once your chart seems full, you can thank everyone for their help and get started on distilling the strongest ideas. Recommended Reading: The Best 30-Minute Content Marketing Brainstorming Process Identify Rewards to Connect with your Product Next, you should start considering the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards that your customers could associate with your product. It will be helpful to start a list for this somewhere that you can keep track of, like a Google Spreadsheet. Since you’ve gone through a brainstorm already, this is an opportunity to gather everything in one place, so I suggest using columns in your sheet to organize. Here’s how to do that: Open a Google Spreadsheet and use columns to store the ideas you came up with in your initial team brainstorm, similar to this: Now use additional columns to jot down intrinsic and extrinsic rewards associated with your product. If you need some ideas, here are some examples of topics that fall under each category: Let’s take the desires we identified above, for example, to identify a few rewards that someone might gain as a result of buying your product: Desire: To be more attractive   Rewards: Social acceptance, personal confidence, looking great Desire: To learn something new every day   Rewards: Impressing others, personal satisfaction, new skills Desire: To accomplish something on your own   Rewards: Sense of self-worth, personal confidence, task completion Now think about how to position those rewards clearly to customers in a meaningful and relatable way. The positioning ideas you come up with can be directly translated into new content pieces, so add those ideas to your spreadsheet in a final column for easy reference later on. Analyze Your Current Messaging Chances are, the topics and ideas you’ve identified through the process above may have led you towards value propositions and positioning statements that haven’t yet been part of your brand’s core messaging. This is a good thing! You’re now thinking about marketing from a psychological perspective. You can now take a look at your current marketing messages with fresh perspective. If you haven’t done so already, creating a "Core Message Document" can help to collect everything in one place. That will allow you to easily edit, or built upon, your brand positioning which will be reflected in all of your content pieces. Use your new psychological perspective and include these points in your Core Message Document: Vision Mission Statements. What does your product and company strive for? Think about the emotions you hope to trigger when connecting with your customers. Positioning Statement.  What do you do better than anyone else? Think about how you can help your customers gain intrinsic and extrinsic rewards most effectively. Elevator Pitch.  How would you describe your product and company in under 30 seconds? Try to touch quickly on Emotion, Logic, Motivation, and Rewards. Taglines Slogans.  What is your product or company all about? Try to elicit an emotional response or use something that a customer might quickly associate with a reward. Key Messages.  What are three things you want everyone to know about your product? Identify a few key points and jot down short paragraphs for each. This is a great place to focus on the rewards you’ve identified! Competitive Differentiation.  How do your key messages set you apart from competitors? Think about how you can help your customers achieve their desires in a way that no one else in the market can. Value Propositions. What is the value of your product in the mind of the customer? Take extra care here to stretch that psychological muscle you’ve been strengthening throughout this whole process. Benefit Statements.  What is the benefit of buying your product? You’ve already done the hard part on this one, these can be directly tied to the rewards you’ve identified. After all of this, you should have new ideas from a healthy brainstorm session to help customers psychologically connect with your product, and a hefty document full of fresh message points to weave into future content pieces. When applied to your content strategy, user psychology can create an addictive product that keeps customers coming back for more. Just remember to step out of your own head and think like your target audience- empathy drives better customer interactions, which leads to true authenticity. And as with all good marketing experiments: test, measure, and repeat.

Starting and Developing a New Venture. Nature of Entrepreneurship Essay

Starting and Developing a New Venture. Nature of Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Improving further the existing ideas using creativity and innovation seems to be the most appropriate way of coming up with such ventures. In spite of this, some entrepreneurs still find opportunities around them, which they develop as new ideas. A new venture does not necessarily have to mean a new business altogether. It could be a new idea in a big company’s department, or a new product developed by an existing company. Improving on an existing product still encompasses entrepreneurial skills and innovation. However, starting a small business entity requires patience and strong entrepreneurial skills. The development of an idea to a big venture requires patience and courage. Big and established businesses in the same industry will try to push the new entrepreneur out of the business through packaging and price battles. Additionally, the giants will try to prove of experience in the industry which they already have their customers. To win customer confidence, the entrepreneu r should ensure quality in their products and competitive pricing. Waging such a tough war requires commitment and dedication by the entrepreneurs. In exploring this topic of starting and developing a new venture, this paper will look at the entrepreneurial skills and careers of two of the worlds’ most successful entrepreneurs, Stelios Haji-Ioannou of Easyjet and Richard Branson of Virgin. Many scholars have written about entrepreneurship. According to oxford English dictionary an entrepreneur is a person who attempts to make profit by taking risk through an initiative. Richard Cantillon is credited to be the originator of the word â€Å"entrepreneur† in the year 1755 in his book â€Å"Essai sur la nature du commerce en general.† Stokes & Wilson (2010, p. 1) believes that entrepreneurship is more than just the business of making money. According to Sjovoll & Skogen (2010, p. 8), the creativity and innovation exhibited by the members of a society and at family le vel are forms of entrepreneurship. Hardly do these talents get noticed however, until an idea is put into action. A visible entrepreneurial idea is called a venture. The different skills and attributes portrayed by a person makes them entrepreneurs, while the ability of a person to see an opportunity where other people cannot see one defines the person’s entrepreneurial skills (Sarasvathy 2004, p. 521). There exists a distinction between entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship, which is a rather new term in the corporate world. While entrepreneurship defines both the act and the art of undertaking innovations that include introducing new things especially in the business acumen, Intrapreneurship is the act and art of entrepreneurship in large organizations. Employees who undertake to develop their organizations through creative ideas such as product development are referred to as intrapreneurs. Nature of Entrepreneurship A lot of arguments have been raised regarding the nature of entrepreneurship. While some experts believe that great entrepreneurs are born, others believe that the best entrepreneurs are trained (Pittaway & Cope 2007, p. 212). However, the argument of whether entrepreneurial skills are an inborn talent or are a learned and acquired through the process of experience and education, different accounts of the careers of successful entrepreneurs provides answers to this. According to scholars though, the best entrepreneurs are trained. Greene & Mole (2007,  p. 14-20) strongly believes supports this. According to them, entrepreneurship as a process does not end in a person’

History of modern political thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of modern political thought - Essay Example Those who rely simply on the lion do not understand what they are about.† (Machiavelli, 1515) The lion is the proverbial â€Å"king of the beasts† who rules the jungle. Yet, it is not enough for Machiavelli’s ideal Prince to be simply the most strong of all the animals, and most respected in the jungle. In this regard the animal nature must also embrace the wiliness of the fox in its ability to escape tracks, because as Machiavelli wrote â€Å"the wolves† will be waiting for the Prince to attack and strip him of life and power. Ultimately, Machiavelli wrote: â€Å"If men were entirely good this precept would not hold, but because they are bad, and will not keep faith with you, you too are not bound to observe it with them.† (Machiavelli, 1515) In ‘Chapter XIX† Machiavelli extends the analogy of the lion and fox by referencing historical Roman examples of â€Å"the opposite characters of Commodus, Severus, Antoninus Caracalla, and Maximin us,† who he describes as being leaders who â€Å"did not hesitate to commit every kind of iniquity against the people†. (Machiavelli, 1515) Machiavelli discusses how the â€Å"fox nature† relates to the ability to make treaties but also abandon them when they no longer serve the interests of the Prince for power. Machiavelli then discusses how it is important for the Prince to appear publicly to have good, humanitarian, and valorous qualities in the public eye, but be ruthless behind the public veil in consolidate power through eliminating enemies. â€Å"Therefore it is unnecessary for a prince to have all the good qualities I have enumerated, but it is very necessary to appear to have them.† (Machiavelli, 1515) Question 2: In view of Hobbe's bleak and pessimistic view of human nature, how is the transition from the state of nature to civil society possible? in other words, are the conclusion of Hobbe's theory of absolute government logically sound but pol itically inapplicable? Hobbe’s view of the corrupted nature of human society did not technically for him prohibit the centralization of power in the State. In some ways, Hobbe’s own arguments are similar to the doctrine of ‘Pluralism’ advocated in America by James Madison and others. Despite there being multiple centers or organizations of power, wealth, authority, control, force, tradition, status, prestige, etc. in a society, these could all be centralized in the State through its apparatus, institutions, and operations. As Stuart Hopkins writes inâ€Å"Hobbes and Absolute Sovereignty† (2011), Hobbes â€Å"...was primarily concerned with the problems of union and unity within the commonwealth, with the construction of such a unity, and the possibility of common action that is a product of that unity. The absence of unanimity in decision making, and unresolvable conflicts of interest, frustrate and militate against a natural unity and, therefore, in the event of open conflict, jeopardise the lives and the welfare of the subjects... A civil society, or commonwealth, must have a clearly defined and